Reactivity 1.4 – Entropy and spontaneity (HL)

1.4.1 – Entropy

📌 What is entropy?

  • Entropy is describes as a measure of disorder in the universe
  • It is given by the symbol ‘S’
  • Ordered states have low entropy, while disordered states have high entropy
  • Entropy increases as energy becomes more dispersed
  • Using this idea, we know that solids are the most ‘orderly’ and have the least energy dispersal while gases are the most ‘disorderly’ and have the greatest energy dispersal
  • We can also predict that during state changes there is a change in entropy in the universe (eg. solid to liquid would increase entropy while gas to liquid would decrease it and so on)
  • The absolute entropy of a substance can be calculated at STP and these values can be found in Section 13 of the data booklet
  • The overall entropy change of a reaction can also be calculated using the formula below

Formula for calculating entropy change :
ΔS° = (∑S°products) – (∑S°reactants)